For example, if use Mark Hauser’s discussion of primates’ knowledge of other minds from Wild Minds and you discuss the same three experiments that he analyzes, then you must acknowledge this debt.
You may not be used to thinking of the plan of a source as proprietary to its author, but if you follow a source’s plan too closely without acknowledging that you saw it there first, you’re presenting as your own an analysis that someone else shaped. When you borrow the plan or structure of a larger section of a source’s argument (for example, using a theory from a source and analyzing the same three case studies that the source uses). For more information, see Common Knowledge.ĥ. When you introduce information that is not common knowledge or that may be considered common knowledge in your field, but the reader may not know it. For more explanation, see Fair Paraphrase.Ĥ. When you paraphrase or summarize ideas, interpretations, or conclusions that you find in a source. And note that commonly known facts found in a particular or unusual context should be cited, so that the reader knows how your argument may have been influenced by the context in which you found it. When you introduce facts that you have found in a source.įacts that are generally accessible (the date of the Declaration of Independence, for instance) need not be cited to a particular source, but once you go up one level of detail on the information ladder, you probably need to cite the source (the number of people who signed the Declaration, for instance). Wilson) through an influential publication, in which case you should put the single word in quotation marks, at least in your first mention of it in your text.Ģ. But even a single, non-specialist term-such as “consilience”-may become tied to an author (in this case, E.O. Even though neither “kinesthetic” nor “self-concept” is unusual on its own, as a phrase they belong to the author.
#How to insert a citation after a quote full
When John Baker redefines the significance of the mirror test by saying that chimpanzees’ awareness of their reflection is not full consciousness, but a limited “kinesthetic self-concept,” it’s clear that those two words, as specialized terms of art, should appear in quotation marks in your paper. But when a single word or two are used in a distinctive way, so that the author is creating a new concept or applying it to a new topic, you must give acknowledge the source. When writing about Hamlet, you do not need to put the words “Hamlet” or “Shakespeare” in quotation marks, or cite a source for them, even though you may have read sources that use these words. They’d be sure to credit Mark Twain when quoting: “The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.” And you probably also understand that you do not need to cite words that are very common to your topic. Most writers realize that they must acknowledge a source when quoting a memorable phrase or sentence. When you quote two or more words verbatim, or even one word if it is used in a way that is unique to the source. ExplanationĪLWAYS CITE, in the following cases: 1. When you collaborate with others in producing knowledge.
#How to insert a citation after a quote code
When you build on another’s program in writing computer code or on a not-commonly-known algorithm.When you build on another’s method found either in a source or from collaborative work in a lab.When you borrow the plan or structure of a larger section of a source’s argument (for example, using a theory from a source and analyzing the same three case studies that the source uses).For more information, see Common Knowledge. When you introduce information that is not common knowledge or that may be considered common knowledge in your field, but the reader may not know it.For more explanation, see Fair Paraphrase. When you paraphrase or summarize ideas, interpretations, or conclusions that you find in a source.When you introduce facts that you have found in a source.When you quote two or more words verbatim, or even one word if it is used in a way that is unique to the source.